Tanzania's youth, comprising a significant portion of its population, are at the heart of the country's battle against HIV. With young people aged 15-24 making up nearly 35% of the populace, the urgency to address HIV among this demographic is clear. Drawing from recent surveys, policy frameworks, and on-the-ground initiatives, this article outlines how a comprehensive approach, particularly through condom use, can transform the HIV landscape for young Tanzanians.
The situation on the ground: -
HIV incidence and prevalence. The Tanzania HIV Impact Survey (THIS) from 2016-2017 reported an HIV incidence of 0.07% among young people, translating to approximately 28,000 new infections annually, with adolescent girls and young women accounting for 80% of these cases. HIV prevalence stands at 1.4%, with a notable gender disparity among young adults.
Knowledge gaps. Only about 37% of young people aged 15-24 correctly answered all questions related to HIV prevention, highlighting a significant knowledge deficit that contributes to the spread of the virus.
Condom use. Despite sexual activity among young people, condom use remains low, with only about a third reporting condom use at last intercourse, signaling a missed opportunity for prevention.
Policy and strategic frameworks and Tanzania's commitment to combating HIV is reflected in its robust policy framework: -
National strategies. From the National HIV Policy to the Fourth National Multisectoral Strategic Framework (NMSF IV), Tanzania's approach includes targeted prevention, treatment, and support, focusing on young people and key populations.
Global and regional commitments. Endorsement of the Eastern and Southern Africa Ministerial Commitment and the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets underscores Tanzania's dedication to achieving significant milestones in HIV management.
UNFPA's pivotal role in youth empowerment: -
Service delivery. Establishing and renovating Adolescent and Youth-Friendly (AYF) clinics, like those in Simiyu and Kigoma, where thousands of young people have accessed HIV testing and referral services.
Education and training. Training peer educators who debunk myths and provide accurate SRH information, as exemplified by success stories from Kigoma Region where young people are now better informed about HIV prevention.
Integrated services. Integrating SRH with HIV services to ensure young people receive comprehensive care, from family planning to STI treatment.
The push for comprehensive condom use: -
Educational campaigns. Efforts like UNFPA's commissioned radio programmes aim to educate youth on SRH, emphasizing condoms not just for contraception but as a primary tool against HIV transmission.
Access and availability. By supporting the National Multisectoral Condom Strategy, UNFPA helps ensure that condoms are available and promoted as part of a total market approach.
Community engagement. Success stories from the field show that peer education can change attitudes and behaviours, encouraging consistent condom use among young populations.
Challenges and future directions: -
Early sexual debut. A significant number of young people initiate sexual activity before 15, often without adequate knowledge or protection.
Stigma and misinformation. Myths and societal stigma continue to hinder open discussions and acceptance of condom use.
To move forward: -
Intensify education. Increase comprehensive sexuality education to cover all aspects of SRH, including condom use.
Expand services. Scale up youth-friendly services, ensuring they are accessible, affordable, and non-judgmental.
Targeted interventions. Focus on regions and demographics with higher HIV rates, tailoring interventions to cultural and social contexts.
Conclusion. The fight against HIV among Tanzanian youth requires a multi-pronged approach where comprehensive condom use stands out as a practical, immediate solution. By combining policy support, service integration, and grassroots educational campaigns, Tanzania can empower its young population to take control of their health, reducing new infections and paving the way towards an HIV-free future.